In recent years, with the continuous enrichment of agricultural products, people's demand for fresh food has been increasing, and the status of cold chain logistics has been continuously improved and received widespread attention from the society. So, what is the current situation of cold chain logistics? What bottlenecks need to be broken in the further development of cold chain logistics?
Some views on the past decade
Regarding the status quo of cold chain logistics, Qin Yuming said that before and after 2007, he began to contact the cold chain industry. At that time, the cold chain logistics company was not as hard as it is now. At that time, the profits of the companies that were doing refrigerated transportation or cold storage were very good. At that time, there was a shortage of cold chain logistics resources. There were no particularly large enterprises entering the industry, and there was no capital concern and investment. Only some private enterprises were doing it. Looking back now, some of the brilliant companies at the time did not exist, or were no longer in the first echelon.
why? Because when the company is in a very good profit, it does not think about how to consolidate its competitive advantage and improve its own services. It does not carry out the extension and differentiation of the upstream and downstream of the industry chain. In the past ten years, especially in the first five years, cold chain logistics companies have had good days, but in the next five years, the profitability and competitiveness of these companies are declining. Therefore, it is very important to be prepared for the peace of mind!
Qin Yuming believes that the breakthrough of the cold chain business originated from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The Olympic Games put forward some stringent requirements for food safety and security work, which has greatly promoted the development of China's cold chain logistics into a more standardized development. After the “Olympic Examination”, the company turned into a real cold chain company.
Prior to this, China did not have the concept of “cold chain”. Companies mostly registered with “refrigerated transportation” or “low temperature logistics”. If the enterprise registration has the word “cold chain”, the Trade and Industry Bureau will not approve it, but now the enterprise will register. Cold chain companies are easy to approve. This change shows that after the development of the cold chain industry over the past decade, it has been recognized by the national and local governments at various levels. The state has also introduced a number of support policies, and national standards and industry standards are constantly improving.
According to the statistics of the National Development and Reform Commission in 2010, the number of refrigerated vehicles is 20,000. By 2016, the number of refrigerated trucks in the Cold Chain Committee has reached 100,500, which is five times that of 2010. The total capacity of cold storage in 2010 was 8.8 million tons. By 2016, our statistics had reached 40.15 million tons, 4.5 times that of 2010.
Although these two figures have a very large increase, the cold chain circulation rate is still very low, the cold storage still faces an unreasonable resource structure, and there are few situations such as less east and west, less cold storage and more cold storage. The refrigerated truck market also has the problem of illegal modification and the use of second-hand seaboards.
From the past ten years, it is still a decade of cold chain contending, some enterprises have changed from self-built logistics to third-party logistics, some have been steadily steadily steadily conserved in regional distribution, some have been transformed into logistics enterprises based on food trading enterprises, and others are Doing trunk transportation or cold storage operations... The division of labor is getting finer and finer, but there are no oligarchs in any field.
Qin Yuming said that in the past, we have seen that the standardization, informatization, scale, and intensification are not high enough in the cold chain industry, the technology is not mature, the homogenization service is serious, and the differentiated competition is less. Everyone is still in the group stage. The phenomenon that bad money drives out good money still exists. This is my opinion on the past ten years.
Current problems and solutions
In recent years, there is a view that the freight rate of cold chain logistics is declining. Qin Yuming believes that this statement is somewhat one-sided, because the price difference of different products is different, the freight rate changes are not the same, and the freight rate of higher value products has not dropped significantly. The freight rate of agricultural products with relatively low value does not rise compared with the price.
In addition, many cold chain logistics companies provide not only transportation services, but also a lot of personalized services, including loading, unloading, packaging, sorting and other services, so income is not just for transportation.
Qin Yuming also admitted that at present, especially after the reform of the camp, the overall tax burden is increased for transport companies, so the cost should be increased. In the face of rising costs, companies should expand their service areas, in addition to transportation services, development services such as loading and unloading, packaging, and sorting. For products with higher value, provide information services, so that customers can see the status of products at any time, and provide customers with safer and more assured services.
For the current cold chain intensification model, Qin Yuming believes that cold chain logistics should take the road of intensification. The most important issue of intensive development is the problem of laying outlets. It takes a lot of money to lay outlets. It requires enterprises to have real hard power and professional talent support.
In addition, cold chain companies must provide professional services. Take Xinjiang's grapes as an example, some may need to be transported to Heilongjiang, and some may need to be transported to Guangdong. Different customers will have different needs, some are just transportation needs, and some may need to be tested, transferred, Packaging sorting, etc.
These diversified service demands can generate more profits for the enterprise, but also require the company to provide more specialized services, and have a good understanding of all aspects of the product, and may need to have a more professional team.
